Recent fire disasters in European road tunnels have shown that fires in a tunnel represent high risks. The users and the rescue services are endangered by heat and smoke while the tunnel is often damaged considerably. In the event of fire the temperature in tunnel rises extremely rapidly within a short amount of time. Large scale fire tests that maximum of 1200ºC or even above could occur. The result is an increased risk of concrete spalling of the tunnel lining. Depending on depth and quantity of these spalling, the structure could be damaged seriously. A fire proof concrete is one relatively new and promising measure to avoid spalling of the tunnel lining during fire. The fire resistance of concrete can be improved by coating it with composite material. In this work CFD calculations have been carried out in order to study the tunnel fire growth on composite wall lining materials by using Fire Dynamic Simulation software (FDS). It has been applied in order to solve the turbulent flow, diffusion, combustion and energy equations. The temperature of the solid boundary was determined by numerical solution of the heat conduction equation. A new pyrolysis model has been developed in FDS software in order to predict surface temperature and burning rate of the hot decomposing composite. It has been found that composite lining can be used a thermal protection barrier..

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Author Keywords:- Charred material, concrete spalling, FDS code, Heat transfer in road tunnels, pyrolysis

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 06

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

A semi-infinite multiobjective fractional programming problem is considered. Wolfe and Mond- Weir-type dual programs under generalized (Hp, r)- invexity are considered. Weak, strong and strict converse duality relations are established under generalized (Hp, r)- invexity conditions..

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Author Keywords:- Semi-infinite multiobjective fractional programming, Hp -invexity, Wolfe type duality, Mond-Weir type duality, Sufficiency.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 09

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Flexibility in manufacturing system is one of the most important issues of present scenario, to fulfill the desired customer's requirement & getting low cost and high quality of product that enforced to adopting the flexible manufacturing system for various modern manufacturing enterprises. The basic of FMS is to convert &
increases positivity throughout the manufacturing process for achieving higher productivity and best quality of product. Flexible manufacturing system consist of an integrated system of computerized numerically controlled (CNC) machine tool , automated material handling system operating under the controlled computer ,
workstation, storage etc. This paper highlights the merits, demerits, application of FMS and also overviewed of other aspect of FMS.

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Author Keywords:- Computer Numerical Control, FMS Layout, Flexibility, Flexible Manufacturing System

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 08

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Heat transfer removal from surfaces has a great importance in many engineering application including high heat generation rate from heat source, excessive rubbing or high speed flow problem from solid surface. Fins are being used as an enhancer to facilitate the dissipation of heat from such surfaces in order to maximize the thermal applicability of material. Although size, shape and arrangement of fin can be utilized further to enhance the heat transfer phenomenon. In this article shape factor of perforation is studied for optimizing heat transfer and navel method are introduced to find out the optimum shape for which heat transfer can be maximize for given flow condition.

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Author Keywords: - Ansys13.0, Finite volume method, Nusselt Number, Perforations, Reynolds Number

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 08

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Landfilling is the most common method ofsolid waste management in our country. Lining systems for waste containment facilities can be enhanced if they are constructed with reactive materials, that is, materials that retard the movement of solutes, promote biodegradation, or induce chemical conversion. One potential material for constructing reactive liners is Fly ash from coal-fired power plants that contains a modest amount of residual organic carbon, which is a sorbent of VOCs. In this study fly ash is taken into consideration and tested for various parameters associated with the behaviour of hydraulic barriers in landfills to advocate its
usability as hydraulic barriers in landfills. Also, the hydraulic conductivity of fly ash decreases with addition of certain additives like lime, cement etc.

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Author Keywords: - Landfills, Hydraulic Barriers, Fly Ash, Fly Ash stabilization, Lime cured Fly Ash..

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 07

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

In this research is discussed the application of information technology to solving technical problems in high production equipment. A case study of a company in the plastics industry located in Hondurasto install a new cutting machine of plastic bags is analyzed, the failures presented, and how using information technologies
and collaborative systems the problem was solved. Preliminary results indicate an improvement in the response time and a significant decrease in the cost of technician per diem and the plant downtime cost of opportunity.

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Author Keywords:- High production equipment, problem solving, information technology, plastic products, case study.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 06

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

This paper aims to optimize the strength of concrete produced with concrete made from Nigeria processed aggregate. Coarse Aggregates are the main components of concrete and occupy about 70 – 80% of the total volume of concrete. Their properties have a profound effect on the various properties of concrete when wet as well as after hardening. There are many sources in south-east and south-west Nigeria with abundant supply of crushed stone aggregates. In this paper, comparisons were made of the various properties of concrete made of crushed rock aggregates from six (6) sites in two different locations; three (3) samples each from Abakaliki in Ebonyi state and Auchi in Delta state Nigeria respectively. The properties compared include workability, bulk density, specific gravity and strength to enable the determination and comparison of their compressive strengths. Need was felt for this study as the major private and government constructions that are carried out in these geopolitical zones of the quarry sites use any available stone within their reach. Aggregates of 20mm size were employed in the investigation. The mix ratio and water/cement ratio adopted for the study were 1:2:4 and 0.5 respectively. A total of forty-eight(48) concrete cubes (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) were casted of which two (2) cubes were crushed for each sample aggregate at each maturity age namely; 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. All cubes reached the target mean strength after 7 days of curing. The 28 days strengths of the concretes on the average of two locations were 25.67N/mm2 and 22.07N/mm2.Consequently, it was concluded that the strength of concrete depends greatly on the specific gravity of crushed stones as well as the weight of concrete.

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Author Keywords: - Aggreates, Concrete, Crushed, Optimization and Strength.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 17

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

With the fact that the construction sector can play a major role in addressing climate change through the reduction of energy use, carbon emissions and pollution etc, the study explored the factors driving the adoption of the GS ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems among Real Estate Developers selected from members of the Ghana Real Estate developers Association (GREDA). The research was approached by a literature review and a questionnaire survey. Drawing on a total of 30 questionnaires administered to some selected Real Estate Developers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, it was identified that the two major factors driving the adoption of the GS ISO 14001 Environmental Management System are creation of cost savings, in terms of waste management, and identification of future environmental liabilities. The study also found that organisations operating under the ISO recognition raise their credibility status in terms of the services they provide, as well as enhance their corporate image, and marketability. Based on the analysis and discussions, the research proposed that awareness creation through the EPA is required to encourage Real Estate Developers in Ghana to obtain and implement the GS ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) certification.

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Author Keywords:- Environmental Management, Ghana, Real Estate Developers

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 08

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Innovation in information technology leads to obsolesce of electronic component. Due to high rate of obsolesce and damages in electronics components alarming waste generation in developed and developing countr ies. According to Indian scenario only ten states contr ibutes 70% of the total E-waste. Developed countr ies minimize their E-waste using export strategies to developing countr ies. E-waste contains hazardous element and cause serious problem on human heal th and environment due to their improper disposal and handling. Apart from hazardous component electronics and electrical component contains precious and heavy metals that should be recover as they have its economic value. Recovery of precious metal is wor thy than extracting from ore. For Inbound recycling process Manufacturers, government, council etc are the main body of E-waste supplier. In this ar ticle, we descr ibed E-waste generation by different countr ies, Indian scenario of E -waste, compositions of different metals in electronics components, recycl ing strategies, percentage recovery of precious, and heavy metals using different leaching agent including biological bact eria. Different authors descr ibed that more than 90% recovery of heavy and precious metals can obtained from E -waste like CRT, PCB and bat teries.

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Author Keywords: - E-waste, Forecast, Compositions, Recycling, Recovery, Precious metal.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 11

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.