Volume 3 ~ Issue 11

Corruption is the misuse of public office for private profit or political gain. This dissertation comprehensively studies, the causes and consequences of corruption left by individual governance regime ruled Libya for 42 years. Under Gaddafi's regime, corruption became engrained in the country's political and economic structures, largely as a result of the overwhelming centralization of power in the hands of Gaddafi and small elite of family members and close acquaintances which dominate and control of oil resources. The researcher used the qualitative method. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with public servants, executive officers. The result of study shows that there is a negative relationship between corruption and economic growth. Corruption increases the income inequality decreases. It means that the decreasing inequality is the result of increasing amount of corruption. The study recommended that the government must introduce an equitable wages and incentive system. This will inevitably reduce people's vulnerability and susceptibility to corruption. It must introduce transparency devices that can detect and prevent corruption in all areas. Besides, the government should introduce a national reorientation program to educate people on the crucial need to eradicate corruption in all sectors of Libya's economic and socio-political systems.

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Author Keywords:- Corruption, democracy, bureaucracy.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 03

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

The objective of this research project is to explore the influence of the amount of natural pozzolan (trass) as a partial replacement of Portland cement on the strength characteristic (qu) of Cement Treated Recycled Base (CTRB) pavement mixtures. As parameters controlling the unconfined compressive strength, the porosity, curing time and the porosity to cementitious materials ratio were investigated in relation to the maximum influence of natural pozzolan contents in various mix designs. Based on the statistical analysis, the results showed good correlations between unconfined compressive strength and cementitious materials content (cement and trass) and porosity of the CTRB mixture. The increase in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the CTRB also depended on the increase in curing time of the CTRB samples. The results also revealed that the void to cementitious materials ratio (η/civ) is a good indicator of the UCS of the CTRB mixtures. This research project proposes some empirical models to estimate the efficiency factor α using the equivalent cementitious material content concept of the mixture proportion. Strength prediction of the CTRB mixtures using this proposed efficiency factor α was reviewed using Feret's equation for concrete material.

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Author Keywords:- CTRB, Compressive strength, Natural pozzolan, Porosity, Porosity to cementitious materials ratio.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 08

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Lehmer [4] gave the definition of a ternarysemigroup in 1932. We see that all semigroups can be converted in to a ternarysemigroup. In this paper, we give some axillary results which are also essential for our deliberations and characterize the relationship b/w the maximal ordered leftideals and the left simple and left
(0)–simple ordered ternarysemigroups, Correspondent to the characterizations of maximal leftideals in ordered semigroups studied by Cao and Xu [2].

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Author Keywords:- Maximal ordered leftideal and left ( 0 - ) simple ordered ternarysemigroup.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 04

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Online learning algorithmes often have to operate in the presence of concept drifts. A recent study revealed that different diversity levels in an ensemble of learning machines are required in order to maintain high generalization on both old and new concepts. Inspired by this study and based on a further study of diversity with different strategies to deal with drifts, so propose a new online ensemble learning approach called Diversity for Dealing with Drifts (DDD).DDD maintains ensembles with different diversity levels and is able to attain better accuracy than other approaches. Furthermore, it is very robust, outperforming other drift handling approaches in terms of accuracy when there are false positive drift detections. It is always performed at least as well as other drift handling approaches under various conditions, with very few exceptions. Presents an analysis of low and high diversity ensembles combined with different strategies to deal with concept drift and proposes a new approach (DDD) to handle drifts.

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Author Keywords: - Concept drift, DDD, diversity, online learning.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 05

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Internet Telephony, often denoted as Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), has gained more and more attention world-wide during the last decades. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology has become a communication alternative with the continuous increasing of Internet bandwidth and rapid advancement of peer-to-peer (P2P) applications.In this paper three types of VOIP are explained: (i) PC to PC : this is the easiest way to use VOIP, which enables you to talk and communicate Voice over Internet with all people over the world. (ii) PC to Phone: which need a gateway that connects IP Network to phone Network. Its uses a device called an ATA (Analogue Telephone Adaptor).The ATA allows you to connect a standard phone to your computer or your Internet connection for use with VOIP. The ATA is an analogue to digital converter. (iii) Phone to Phone: Where you need more gateways that connect IP network to phone networks, more phone networks that connect Telephone set to gateway, and IP network that connect gateway to gateway. This paper also explains Internet Protocol (IP) that VOIP uses to transmit voice as packets over an IP network as follows: H.323 Protocols that provides the technical requirements for voice communication over LANs, while assuming that Quality of Service isn't provided by LANs. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) standard which is the standard for establishing VOIP connections. This paper also explores Voice XML which is a markup language derived from XML for writing telephone-based speech applications.In this paper also VoiceXML developed environments(Gateways) are explained, where a list of all VoiceXML developers is included, and the most popular VoiceXML development environments (Gateways) are explained in details.Finally, in this paper ten VoiceXML applications are developed.

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Author Keywords: - VOIP , XML, H.323 Protocol, etc.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 14

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Bintuni Regency in West Papua Province, can be accessed by sea and air transportation from Manokwari, Sorong and it's a road tansport from Manokwari. The study aims to analyze regional resources of Bintuni Regency which is supported by transportation, availability of infrastructure and transportation services, to support development. The method used was interview with questionnaires and secondary data collection from relevant institute. Regional potency and availability of infrastructure and transportation services were analyze by descriptive and the transportation performance obtained using Importance Perfomance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index method, population trip pattern used origin destinantion matrix (O-D matrix), while perspective transportation development derived from SWOT analysis. The availability of infrastructure and transportation services to support regional development is still relatively limited, are transportation services at very poor level, and internal population trip pattern centered on Bintuni Regency. Perspective transportation development focused on road transportation networks development, ferry and water, sea transportation in Bintuni and babo Regency, and air transportation in Bintuni, Babo and Merdey Regency..

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Author Keywords:- Induced electrical currents, magnetic materials, powder metallurgy, relative magnetic permeability

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 09

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

A study was conducted with the aim of exploring the challenges affecting the incorporation of environmental sustainability issues into construction procurement at the local government level of Ghana. The research specifically studied nineteen (19) out of the twenty-two (22) district assemblies in the western region of Ghana, examined their construction procurement system and their challenges in incorporating environmental sustainability issues into their construction contracts. A literature review focused on the construction procurement process pertaining at the district level, questionnaires were used in the study. The study discovered that though the respondents were aware of the impact of construction procurement activities on the environment they do not pay attention to addressing these issues through the procurement processes. The study also noted that the major external challenges to incorporation of environmental sustainability issues into construction procurement are lack of government guidance, lack of knowledge in the industry, limiting standards and contractors desire for lower prices. The study identified four major internal challenges to the incorporation of environmental issues into construction procurement as: lack of roadmap or strategy, lack of knowledge and skills, weak processes, and lack of understanding of how to insert environmental issues into contracts. The study concluded that government need to expedite efforts to review the current procurement documents in order to provide a roadmap to incorporate environmental sustainability issues into the public procurement system. The study increased awareness on the importanceof working out a strategy to promote environmental sustainability issues through public procurement management..

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Author Keywords:- construction procurement,environmental sustainability, sustainable public procurement.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 11

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Gas Stationare business activities in the field of fuel distribution was operate 24 hours a. Gas station are located at the side of highway, so the operator of gas station could be exposed by the fume from vehicles which in a queue of refueling process. The aims of this research was analyze related factors of lead (Pb) levels in the blood on gas station's operator in Tamalanrean Makassar. This research used analytical survey methode and cross sectional design. There were 51 gas station's operator as a sample. Data was analysis by pearson product moment correlation and linear regression test by the result that there are relations between characteristic respondents, working time and the amount of fuel sold. The age, working period, calcium consumption habit, sistolik blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are the most associated factors to lead levels in the blood. Lead exposure of workers could be controlled by the company fuel distribution, the supervisor of gas station and the workers. Following the procedures of service operator, using self protective equipments (respirator), doing on health's monitoring and checking periodic, improving the understanding of reducing smoking habit and have a good personal hygiene to the workers could reduce this problem.

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Author Keywords:- lead, gas station's operator, characteristic operated, working time.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 06

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

Forced vibration of structure for given Earthquake time history is governed by peak acceleration. For cable stayed structures such as Extradosed cable stayed bridge it is difficult to predict dynamic response using usual methods of dynamic analysis as applied to some other bridge structures like response spectrum analysis, accurate analysis like time history analysis is time consuming and has time and cost effects. Nonlinearities can only be considered in time history analysis. The proposed method correlates the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and earthquake deformation ratio (EDR) which can be used for simplified dynamic analysis and can
prove handy tool for structural engineers to know earthquake related serviceability without much complicated analysis at initial stages. This ratio can be used to present seismic damage indices. The method is proposed considers Extradosed bridge for example.

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Author Keywords:- Extradosed cable stayed bridge; Structural Behavior; Earthquake; Dynamic response; PGA-EDR; Seismic Damage index.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 09

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

This paper presents the characteristics of energyconsumption in industrial sector, the methodology and results of energy audits (EA) performed in industrial sites and potentials for energy efficiency (EE) improvements. Presently industrial energy in India is characterized by significant technological low energy efficiency and low level of environmental protection.If we analyze the results of energy audits in selected industrial companies in previous period has shown the significant potentials for energy efficiency improvements in industrial sector (upgrading of equipment in the industrial energy sources and processes, introduction of energy management,the waste heat utilization, introduction of energy efficiency technology, improvement of energy efficiency in electrical equipment, usage of waste materials etc).

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Author Keywords:- EnergyAudit,Industrial sector, Energy Efficiency.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 07

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

In this study, a novel sinusoidal PWM switched AC/DC/AC converter interface scheme using real novel tri-loop voltage error tracking fuzzy logic controller (FLC), to stabilize the stand alone Wind Energy Conversion Scheme (WECS) using an induction generator. The proposed novel sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulator (SPWM) switched (AC/DC/AC) converter (diode rectifier and 6-pulse IGBT inverter) interface scheme serves as a combined voltage stabilization regulator and maximum wind energy utilization and enhancement compensator.

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Author Keywords:- Wind Energy Conversion Scheme, Fuzzy Logic Controller, AC/DC/AC Interface, PWM inverter.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 07

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

This paper represents the analysis and simulation of a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) using Matlab/Simulink for reducing the harmonics current produced by nonlinear loads. Due to increasing the usage of non linear load, the increase of the harmonics disturbance in the ac mains currents has became a major concern due to the unpleasant effects on all equipment mostly capacitors, transformers, and motors, causing additional losses, overvoltage, failure, overloading, malfunctioning and overheating and interferences. Shunt Active Power filter is used to compensating the harmonic non-linear loads harmonics by injecting equal but opposite harmonic compensating current which gives pure sinusoidal wave.

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Author Keywords:- Power System, Harmonic Distortion, Shunt Active Power Filter, Non-Linear Loads, Total Harmonic Distortion.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 06

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.

A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure or a disoperation of end user equipments. Utility distribution networks, sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink .Finally the proposed shceme is applied for both balanced and unbalanced linear non linear loads.

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Author Keywords:- Power quality, Photo Voltaic (PV) System, distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), renewable energy.

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e-ISSN: 2319-183X, p-ISSN: 2319-1821 Source Type: Journal Original Language: English
Document Type: Article Number of pages: 09

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© Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.